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Architect

Joe Lee

Joe Lee (1921-2003) was born in Oviedo, Florida, and became one of American golf's most prolific architects, designing or renovating roughly 200 courses over more than four decades. He began his career working with Dick Wilson, one of the dominant postwar American architects, before establishing his own practice, through which he designed the original championship courses at Walt Disney World, including the Magnolia and its famed Mickey Mouse-shaped bunker. Known for a modest, unassuming manner that kept him out of the spotlight despite his output, Lee built resort and residential courses across Florida and beyond, remembered for approachable, well-conditioned designs suited to the resort and daily-fee golf that boomed during his working years.

Courses on BogeyMap
18
States
8
Avg LooperScore
75.5
Highest rated
Cog Hill Golf & Country Club - Dubsdread

Biography

Joe Lee (1921-2003) was born in Oviedo, Florida, and became one of American golf's most prolific architects, designing or renovating roughly 200 courses over more than four decades. He began his career working with Dick Wilson, one of the dominant postwar American architects, before establishing his own practice, through which he designed the original championship courses at Walt Disney World, including the Magnolia and its famed Mickey Mouse-shaped bunker. Known for a modest, unassuming manner that kept him out of the spotlight despite his output, Lee built resort and residential courses across Florida and beyond, remembered for approachable, well-conditioned designs suited to the resort and daily-fee golf that boomed during his working years.

Where the work is: IL · MD · AL · FL · GA · TN · SC · NC

Courses on BogeyMap (18)

Public18 holes

Cog Hill Golf & Country Club - Dubsdread

Lemont, IL

Dubsdread is the championship course at Cog Hill Golf & Country Club in Lemont, Illinois. Dick Wilson and Joe Lee designed it, and it opened in 1964 as Cog Hill's No. 4 course. Rees Jones carried out a major renovation in 2008. It is the longest and hardest of the four courses on the property, running to about 7,554 yards with deep, steep-faced bunkering, tree-lined corridors and firmly contoured greens. The name has stuck because the course asks for full shots from the first hole to the last. Dubsdread hosted the Western Open and later the BMW Championship on the PGA Tour, along with a 1997 U.S. Amateur. It remains fully open to public play.

Role: architect

Semi-private18 holes

Musket Ridge Golf Club

Myersville, MD

Musket Ridge Golf Club is a semi-private, 18-hole, par-72 course in Myersville, Maryland, in the foothills of the Catoctin Mountains northwest of Frederick. Designed by architect Joe Lee, it opened in 2001 as his final course design; the site was reportedly crossed by Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, and James Longstreet before the Battle of Antietam. The course plays 6,902 yards from the back tees with a course rating of 73.4 and slope of 140.

Last verified 2026-09-17

Role: architect

Resort36 holes

Lakewood Golf Club (Azalea/Dogwood/Magnolia)

Point Clear, AL

Lakewood Golf Club at the Grand Hotel Golf Resort & Spa in Point Clear, Alabama, is a historic resort course on Mobile Bay, part of the Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail. The 36-hole complex features the Azalea/Dogwood and Magnolia/Azalea 18-hole configurations designed by Perry Maxwell (original 1947 layout) and renovated by Joe Lee. The Grand Hotel is one of the oldest and most storied resorts in the South, and Lakewood Golf Club offers guests a classic Alabama resort golf experience along the shores of Mobile Bay.

Historic

Role: architect

Public18 holes

Abacoa Golf Club

Jupiter, FL

Abacoa Golf Club sits within the Abacoa neighborhood of Jupiter, Florida, near Roger Dean Stadium in northern Palm Beach County. The course opened in 1999 as the last design completed by architect Joe Lee. Though privately owned, it was required to remain open to the public under the agreement that allowed the Abacoa community to be built. The 18-hole, par-72 layout uses lakes and bunkers along sloping fairways, with water bordering many holes and elevation changes that are unusual for South Florida. TifEagle greens and a practice facility support year-round play.

Role: original design

Public18 holes

Disney Magnolia Golf Course

Lake Buena Vista, FL

Disney's Magnolia Golf Course is located at Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, opening the same day as the Magic Kingdom in October 1971. It was designed by Florida architect Joe Lee, who also designed the neighboring Palm and Lake Buena Vista courses, and returned in 1993 to rebuild the greens and update turf. The par-72 layout winds through Florida wetlands and is named for more than 1,500 magnolia trees planted across the property. It features numerous bunkers, including a mouse-eared trap fronting the par-3 sixth hole, plus water hazards on many holes and several bridges crossing the course's creeks. Magnolia hosted the PGA Tour's Walt Disney World golf event for over four decades, from 1971 to 2012. It remains part of Disney's resort golf offering, open to resort guests and the public through Disney's golf operations.

Role: architect

Public18 holes

Pine Meadow Golf Club

Mundelein, IL

Pine Meadow Golf Club is an 18-hole public course in Mundelein, Illinois, originally designed by William Flynn in 1927 and substantially reworked in the mid-1980s by Joe Lee and Rocky Roquemore. The course offers seven sets of tees ranging from about 5,272 to 7,238 yards, framed by towering blue spruce and pine trees. Its layout blends Flynn's original routing with the later redesign into a modern daily-fee test. Pine Meadow is a member of the Illinois PGA course network in Lake County.

Role: architect

Resort18 holes

Walt Disney World Golf (Palm)

Lake Buena Vista, FL

Disney's Palm Golf Course is an 18-hole, par-72 resort course at Walt Disney World in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. It opened in 1971, designed by Joe Lee, with a major redesign completed in 2013 by Arnold Palmer Design Company that rebuilt the greens, tees, and bunkers. The course runs through Florida woodlands with mature pine, oak, and cypress trees, shimmering lakes, and sloping greens, and measures about 6,870 yards from the back tees, with nine holes featuring water and dozens of bunkers. Operated by Arnold Palmer Golf Management, the Palm is open to the public with online tee time booking, and it is one of several championship courses at the resort.

Role: architect

Resort18 holes

Callaway Gardens (Lake View)

Pine Mountain, GA

The Lake View Course is part of Callaway Resort & Gardens in Pine Mountain, Georgia, in the foothills of the Appalachians. It was the resort's original golf course, built when the gardens were founded in 1952. Designed by Dick Wilson, with early work also attributed to J.B. McGovern, the course plays to a par of 70 over about 6,158 yards from the back tees. It features wider fairways and more water than the resort's companion Mountain View course, with nine holes touching Mountain Creek Lake, including a par-3 with an island tee and a bridge to the green. Lake View is open to resort guests and outside golfers with a tee time, with cart rentals available and collared shirts required. The course closes for maintenance one day a week and for a period of aerification in mid-summer.

Role: architect

Public18 holes

Stonehenge Golf Club

Crossville, TN

Stonehenge Golf Club at Fairfield Glade in Crossville, Tennessee is an 18-hole public championship course designed by Joe Lee and opened in 1984. It is known for its Cumberland Plateau wooded setting, bent grass surfaces, and native stone retaining walls, and has hosted the Tennessee Senior Open.

Role: architect

Public18 holes

Lanier Islands Golf Course

Buford, GA

Lanier Islands Golf Course is a resort course in Buford, on Lake Lanier. The 18-hole layout plays over rolling terrain with lake views, a resort course open to the public.

Role: architect

Public18 holes

Jekyll Island Golf Club (Indian Mound)

Jekyll Island, GA

The Indian Mound Course is one of three 18-hole courses that make up Jekyll Island Golf Club on Georgia's coast. Designed by Joe Lee, it opened in 1970 and was later reworked in 1975 to add more of Lee's fairway bunkers. The course takes its name from oyster shell mounds left by earlier native inhabitants of the island, and it winds through woodlands, marsh, and lakes. It is the shortest of Jekyll's three courses, but its par 5s play tougher than the yardage suggests and water affects nearly every hole. Indian Mound is open to the public and operated by the Jekyll Island Authority, with tee times bookable through the resort. It also hosts the annual US Kids Golf Jekyll Island Cup.

Hidden GemHistoric

Role: architect

Public18 holes

Lakewood Golf Club & Marriott Gra

Point Clear, AL

The Lakewood Club at the Grand Hotel Golf Resort & Spa in Point Clear, Alabama, is a 36-hole resort facility made up of the Dogwood and Azalea courses and a member site of the Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail. Golf at Lakewood dates to 1944, and the Dogwood course, designed by Perry Maxwell, opened in 1947. The Retirement Systems of Alabama bought the Grand Hotel and its courses in 1999, making Lakewood the ninth site on the Trail, and later renovated both. The property sits along Mobile Bay and has hosted the USGA Senior Women's Amateur Championship in 1974, 1986 and 2021.

Role: architect

Semi-private27 holes

Houndslake Country Club

Aiken, SC

Houndslake Country Club is a semi-private club in Aiken with 27 holes designed by Joe Lee in 1974. The three nines, Azalea, Dogwood and Laurel, each measure a little over 3,300 yards and play to a par of 36, winding through a 300-acre property thick with azaleas and dogwoods. The Dogwood nine has hosted the South Carolina Golf Association Amateur Championship twice, along with US Amateur qualifiers, and the club welcomes guest play.

Role: architect

Semi-private18 holes

Heatherhurst Golf Club (Crag)

Fairfield Glade, TN

Heatherhurst Golf Club's Crag course is part of the Fairfield Glade resort community in Crossville, Tennessee, between Knoxville and Nashville. The course shares grounds with wildlife including deer and turkey along its wooded holes. The 18-hole Crag course was designed by Gary Roger Baird and opened in 1986, with bentgrass tees and greens, wide fairways and strategically placed bunkers. The par-3 17th plays from an elevated overlook and is considered the signature hole. The course is semi-private, open to Fairfield Glade members, resort guests and the public with some restrictions. It pairs with the companion Brae course for same-day 36-hole play.

Role: architect

Resort18 holes

Disney's Lake Buena Vista Golf Course

Lake Buena Vista, FL

Disney's Lake Buena Vista Golf Course is an 18-hole resort course at Walt Disney World in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Designed by Joe Lee, with additional work by Rocky Roquemore, the course opened in 1972, one year after the Magnolia and Palm courses. It plays to a par of 72 and measures roughly 6,700 yards from the back tees, winding through dense pine forests, palmettos and the villas of Disney's Saratoga Springs Resort. Narrow fairways, bermuda rough and small, well-bunkered greens make it a tighter test than its length suggests, highlighted by an island green on the par-3 16th. Joe Lee returned in 1994 to rebuild the greens across the course. The course is open to resort guests and the public, with practice facilities and instruction available for golfers of all levels.

Role: architect

Semi-private18 holes

Cross Creek Country Club

Mount Airy, NC

Cross Creek Country Club in Mount Airy sits at the foot of the Blue Ridge. Joe Lee designed the 18-hole course, which opened in 1973, and Kris Spence later renovated the greens. The layout runs close to 6,800 yards with 68 bunkers and seven ponds. The club is semi-private and takes daily-fee play, and it also has tennis, pickleball and a pool.

Role: architect

Public18 holes

Heatherhurst Golf Club (Heather)

Fairfield Glade, TN

Heatherhurst Golf Club (Heather) is a public 36 hole facility in Fairfield Glade, Tennessee. The Crag course was designed by Gary Roger Baird and opened in 2000. It plays to a par of 72. The Crag course features bent grass tees and greens with wide fairways. The 17th hole is a signature spot with an overlook that offers expansive views. Golfers can see deer and turkey roaming the grounds during their round. The property also includes a driving range and practice areas for visitors.

Role: architect

Public9 holes

Pine Hills Golf Club

Ottawa, IL

Pine Hills Golf Course is a 9-hole course in Ottawa, IL, with bentgrass greens and bluegrass fairways. It runs a junior golf program with US Kids certified coaches and has a bar and restaurant.

Role: architect